Dassault Aviation and OHB Want to Propose the Vortex-S Spaceplane to ESA

After the end of the Space Shuttle's operations, spaceplanes have changed in form and approach. Currently, there are only two operational uncrewed spaceplanes: the Boeing X-37B (used by the Space Force) and the CASC Shenlong (employed by the CNSA and the Chinese military). ISRO is developing its own spaceplane, Pushpak, while Sierra Space is behind schedule in delivering the new Dream Chaser Tenacity. Europe does not have a spaceplane, although several programs have arisen over the decades that were never completed. Now, Dassault Aviation and OHB want to propose the Vortex-S spaceplane to the ESA.

This type of uncrewed spaceplane is simpler than Space Shuttle (or Buran) orbiters. The models are smaller and have less mass, thus requiring less complex and performance-oriented launch vehicles. Furthermore, as they do not need to carry a crew, the safety requirements are lower (although crewed versions are usually planned). Conversely, they can perform long-duration missions, lasting several months, with multiple orbits exposing the payload to space conditions.

In the case of the Vortex-S spaceplane, it is designed to supply space stations (from the ISS to future commercial space stations) but also to carry out autonomous missions. Dassault Aviation will handle the development and integration, while OHB will be responsible for the development and integration of the service module. In the future, other European companies may join the consortium to allow greater continental operational autonomy.

The companies have begun developing scaled-down models, measuring 4 meters in length and weighing one ton (Vortex-D, Demonstrator). They will then proceed to large-scale models, which will be 8 meters and ten tons. Additional models classified as 'Heavy' are also planned, which will allow the transport of greater payloads up to Vortex-H, the crewed version that will, however, be difficult to develop in the short term.

The Vortex-S spaceplane is expected to transport up to 2 tons of materials in orbit (or bring them back to Earth), returning with a profile designed to be 'gentle' on the payload, generating less than 2G. Inside the cargo hold, with a volume of 8 m³, there could be instrumentation capable of creating composite materials in microgravity or conducting biomedical research.

This type of unit could also be used for military surveillance, analyzing potential threats and hostile satellites in orbit, performing debris recovery operations, satellites, or other components. As can be inferred, Vortex-S will be reusable and will land on a runway using conventional landing gear, reducing overall costs. If the project reaches operational status, it will be the first European spaceplane, an interesting choice for various reasons, particularly in its ability to no longer depend on other international projects (which are often inaccessible due to military connections).